Aqueduct (Latin) – a bridge for a water pipe.
Axonometry is a way of visualizing a three-dimensional form. The dimensions of the depicted object are laid off along three axes: height, width, depth.
Amphitheater – an ancient building for a variety of mass spectacles, which is a round theater without a roof. Around a round or oval arena, rows of seats rise in successive tiers. In modern architecture – the most common type of arrangement of spectator seats in public halls.
Ensemble – a complex of buildings and structures associated with a single artistic solution.
Mezzanine – the upper half-story of the room; upper half-story in the room of one of the floors of the building.
Enfilade – a series of successively adjoining spatial elements (rooms, courtyards, town-planning spaces) located on one axis, which creates a through perspective.
Apparel (Greek) – a gentle ascent or descent to another level.
Arcade – a series of extended arches of equal size, shape and outline, resting on pillars
or columns.
Arkbutan (French) – a half-arch supporting a buttress.
Archetype (from Greek) – the oldest, primary architectural forms of ethnos.
Architectural typology of civil buildings – classification of buildings and structures by certain characteristics: the configuration of the plan, floor, structural design, functional purpose.
An attic is a decorative wall that is placed above the cornice crowning a building. The attic may have inscriptions, bas-reliefs or paintings.
Basilica – a type of building of rectangular shape, which consists of an odd number (1, 3 or 5) of different heights of naves.
Balcony (it.) – a cantilevered enclosed area on the facades of the building.
Balusters – low shaped columns in the form of columns (sometimes with carved decoration), supporting the railing of balcony railings, staircases, etc., made of wood, stone, metal, marble, etc., can be flat. Can be flat.
Bas-relief – a type of sculptural image on the plane, protruding above the surface of less than half of its volume. Serves to decorate buildings and monuments, contributing to the expressiveness of their architectural image.
Belletage – the first, high floor of a building.
Stained glass (archit.) – historically – glazing of a window opening with elements of colored glass, framed with a lead frame, making up an artistic composition. In modern parlance – a large area of glazing with ordinary transparent, colored, tinted or reflective glass.
Breakwater – a hydraulic engineering device for protection of bridge piers, wharves, etc. from wave impacts.
Hydrotechnical structures – embankments, dams, dikes, sluices, canals, etc.
Garland – architectural decorative detail characteristic of the interior with the image of fruits, flowers, leaves, often twisted with a ribbon.
Hotel – a building for temporary accommodation of people.
Doors – openings in external and internal walls or fencing structures for the transition of people, equipped with door panels, if necessary fireproof, fireproof, open in the direction of evacuation flows.
Palace (from Russian dvor.) – a ceremonial building, dwelling, residence of the highest state dignitaries.
Endova – a gutter connecting two adjacent roof slopes, serves for drainage of storm water.
Reinforced concrete column – a modern load-bearing structure of a building.
Building or structure – a structural system consisting of load-bearing structures, enclosing structures, floors and engineering equipment systems.
Zodchiy (Old Russian XII c.) – derivative from “zьd’- clay, denoting the profession of a potter, builder of clay, molder, creator of form.
Golden Ratio – a harmonious ratio of values, in mathematical terms as 1:1.61.
Izrazec – glazed ceramic product for facing heating stoves.
Engineering equipment of buildings – arrangement of systems that ensure the vital activity and safety of people staying in buildings.
Campanile (it.) – in it. architecture of X-XVII centuries. a free-standing tower-bell tower: round, square or polyhedral.
Capitol – the upper part of a column on which the entablature rests.
Caryatid – statue of a clothed woman supporting the entablature of a building and replacing a column or pilaster.
Frame – a system of vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures of buildings and structures.
Cartouche (fr.) – a decorative element in the form of an oval scroll for the image of the coat of arms or inscription. –
Quadriga – a carriage drawn by four horses, symbolizing triumph (on pediments, triumphal arches, etc.).
Caisson I (German) – in architecture, a recess in the ceiling structure formed by intersecting floor beams.
Caisson II (German) – a device for underwater hydraulic and construction works.
Glued wooden construction – a construction of wood fragments joined together by glue.
Cloister – a covered bypass gallery framing a rectangular courtyard of a monastery or a large church; characteristic of Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
Column – a load-bearing structure, part of a wooden, metal or concrete frame.
Colonnade – architectural composition in the form of a row or rows of columns.
Ridge – the upper end of a pitched roof.
Cantilever – a horizontal structure with one support in the form of a rigid pinch in the wall.
Counterforce (German) – vertical inclined structure for repayment of horizontal forces.
Conch – hemispherical completion of part of the building.
Corinthian portico – protruding part of the building, formed by bearing the ceiling columns of the Corinthian order – architectural composition, a certain system based on the artistically designed rack and beam construction, characterized by great solemnity and richness of decoration. Distinctive characteristic is a high capitol, decorated with stylized carved acanthus leaves, arranged in two rows.
Red line – a conventional boundary separating streets, passages and squares from built-up areas.
Cross vault – formed by intersection of two cylindrical or box-shaped vaults of equal height at right angles. It was used for overlapping of square and sometimes rectangular in plan premises.
Roof – the outer covering of buildings.
Curdonier – a front yard in front of the main facade of a palace or castle, bounded by the main building and side wings, separated from the outer space by a through fence with a gate. Curdoniers are widespread in European palace architecture of the XVII – the first half of the XIX century (in Russia from the beginning of the XVIII century).
Laterna (It.) – a light aperture completing the dome covering.
Scaffolding (Russian) – temporary structures for the construction of walls and floors of buildings.
Stairwells – a structural element of the building, which1 sits between floors. L.k. are made of non-combustible or fire-protected structures, must have openings for natural light.
Stairways – monolithic or prefabricated structures with standard steps to provide inter-story transitions, made of non-combustible materials.
False dome – a technique of making a dome floor of bricks or blocks by gradually “overlapping” each subsequent row of masonry.
False vault – vaulting by laying bricks or blocks with the “overlap” of each subsequent row.
Spatula (Russian) – a protruding part of the wall at its full height, dividing the walls of the facade into strands. A characteristic element of Romanesque architecture and Old Russian architecture.
Attic – a floor built into the attic space.
Mascaron – decorative animal mask to decorate the facade of a building.
Medallion – architectural decoration, which is an ornamental or pictorial composition in a round or oval frame.
Mezzanine – a superstructure over part of a house.
Membrane – a flat structure working “in tension”.
Modulon – architectural detail supporting the outrigger plate of the cornice of Corinthian or composite orders, sometimes it is just a decorative element.
Graveyard (archaeological) – burial of an ancient person.
Mogilnik (modern Russian) – a place reserved for the burial of fallen animals.
Modernization – in architecture and construction – renovation of an object, bringing it into compliance with new requirements and norms of use, technical conditions, quality indicators. Both engineering and structural components and the general solution of facades, the whole appearance of the building are modernized. In some cases, the concept of use is modernized, and new functions are given to a building or a whole complex of buildings.
Modulion (French from Latin) – a type of decorative cornice console in the form of a volute.
Breakwater – an artificial wall protruding into the sea to enclose the port water area from the open sea.
Installation – the process of erecting a building or structure; construction and installation works.
Motel – a hotel with a parking lot for guests using personal vehicles.
Nakat (Russian) – a continuous planking of round wood over a room.
Crib – a decorative element framing a window or doorway.
Decking – a structure made of materials suitable for flooring, roofing, etc.
Nervure (fr.) – a profiled rib of a Gothic vault.
Bearing structures – structures that support vertical and horizontal loads.
Nave (fr.) – space in a basilica-type building in the span between two rows of columns.
Leveler – geodetic tool for measuring horizontal angles and relative levels of building parts.
Niche (fr.) – a rectangular or semi-circular recess in the wall.
“Zero” cycle – volume of construction and installation works or building structures placed below the floor slab of the first floor.
Cladding – the application of a decorative layer of finish to the interior or exterior surfaces of structures.
Cladding – thin-walled, complex curvature covering of buildings and structures.
Lathing – a structure for fixing roofing.
Fire resistance of structures – ability of the material of structures not to lose bearing capacity and stability under direct exposure to fire during the normative time.
Enclosing structures – structures protecting the building from the external environment.
Windows – light openings in external walls or enclosing structures.
Order (Greek) – order, style.
Ordernost – subordination to the system of order – architectural composition and a certain system based on the artistically designed structure of the building. An order consists of a pedestal, a column including a base and capitol, and an entablature including a frieze and cornice.
Building Orientation – The placement of a building on a plan relative to the sides of the world.
Foundation – The ground on which the foundation of a building rests.
Plumb – a construction tool for checking the verticality of structures.
etching – a kind of engraving on metal, a technique of easel graphics gravure printing, which allows to obtain impressions from printing plates (“boards”). It has been known since the beginning of the XVI century.
Pavilion – a light building.
Paduga – a smooth transition from the plane of the ceiling to the plane of the wall.
Palaty (Latin) – palace rooms; Russian: rich stone or wooden buildings with several floors.
Palazzo (from Latin) – palace, palatial building, from Palatine – the name of one of the hills of ancient Rome, on which palace buildings of Roman emperors were erected. A common residential building for wealthy residents of Italian cities in the Renaissance (XV-XVII centuries.).
Palestra – a public school for gymnastic exercises of young Romans. The palestra had open
courts, running tracks, gymnasiums, and swimming pools.
Palmetta (it.) – a type of floral ornament depicting palm leaves.
Archaeological monument – places of ancient human settlement, burial sites, ruins of ancient settlements, fortifications, buildings of various purposes, which are more than 1000 years old.
Architectural monument – a work of architecture that has scientific, artistic and cultural value.
Monument of urban planning – architectural ensembles, settlements preserving the ancient planning structure of neighborhoods, roads, city streets.
Historical Monument – a landscape, structure, settlement or part thereof, which is the site of historical events or phenomena.
Cultural Monument – a landscape, structure, settlement or part thereof, associated with a stage or phenomenon in the development of world, continental or national culture.
Natural Monuments – a natural landscape preserving unique or typical manifestations of nature, valuable in scientific, cultural, cognitive and aesthetic terms.
Ramp (German) – an inclined rise to the floor level.
Panel – a fence or floor structure.
Parapet (Fr. from It.) – lit., chest protection; fence of the upper part of a bridge, embankment, building, solid and lattice, height not higher than the level of a person’s chest.
Parcanum (Latin) – space between the inner and outer walls.
Parquet (fr. from lat.) – originally a fenced elevated place; modern material for the face covering of the floor made of dimensioned wooden plates of hardwood.
Parking lot – a place where cars are parked.
Parsena (from Latin) – a conventional image of a face; a name in the direction of Russian portrait painting of the XVII century.
Sail, pandativ – part of the vault, an element of the dome structure, by means of which the transition from the rectangular base to the dome floor or its drum is realized. The sail has the form of a spherical triangle with the apex lowered downwards. The varieties of sail construction are:
beam;
cantilever;
stalactite;
step-cantilever;
step-niche;
arched;
conical (trompe l’oeil);
arched and vaulted;
funnel-shaped;
reticulated-gurt;
conch;
step-arched;
spherical.
Passage (fr.) – a type of building with an upper light.
Patio (Spanish) – courtyard of a residential building.
Partitions – internal non-bearing walls dividing the floor space into compartments or rooms.
Front (Russian) – a room in a rich dwelling house used for receiving visitors.
Pereduvka (Russian) – the front wall of a smelting furnace.
Overlap – a horizontal load-bearing structure completing a floor.
Overlaps – interstorey structures carrying distributed or concentrated load from people and equipment located on the floors of the building, must have a standardized degree of fire resistance and fire safety. Lintel – a structure for bridging openings in the building wall.
Pererub (Russian) – internal log wall to repay the spacing of the building stretched in length.
Railings – fencing of stairs, openings.
Periphery (Greek) – the outer part of something.
Perun, pirun (Greek) – needle, a short metal rod, laid in the grooves of neighboring stone blocks to bind them together. The grooves were filled with lead.
Petroglyphs – drawings and signs, scenes carved in rocks.
Pid (Ukr.) – attic.
Pi Tin ya pt – a canopy, overhang, eaves in a folk dwelling.
Pilaster (fr. from Latin) – half or quarter of a rectangular column.
Plafond (fr.) – ceiling surface with a round or oval element.
Platz (German from Latin) – square.
Plinfa (Gr.) – a large-sized flat square or rectangular brick, used in ancient Roman and Byzantine building techniques.
Carpenter (commonly known as a carpenter) – a master of rough woodworking.
Staircase landing – a structure connecting the staircases.
Building site – a place, territory, allocated for the construction of a building.
Building area – the area of the first floor according to the dimension of the external walls.
Pneumatic air-supported structures – structures based on excess pressure.
Pneumatic rod structures – structures based on overpressure.
Pobiy (Ukr.) – all types of wooden roofing.
Poval (Russian) – a log cabin of a wooden building expanding at the top.
Povalusha (Russian) – in Russian wooden architecture a tower in a complex of dwelling choirs of the XII-XVII cc.
Podvalina (Russian) – the base of a log cabin, the lower crown made of more powerful logs. Hence – a cellar, the lower floor of a dwelling or farm building.
Podvorie (Russian) – an inn, a traveling hut, later a hotel.
Podzory – wooden boards with blind, more often through carving, edging roof overhangs, eaves, huts, verandas, galleries.
Foundation footings – supporting (lower) part of the foundation.
Girt arches – arched structures on which floor structures rest.
Substructure beams – beams on which the rafter system of a pitched roof rests.
Port (sea, river) (fr. from Latin) – a place for receiving and servicing river and sea vessels.
Porta (Latin) – gate of a city, military camp.
Portal (German from Latin) – the main entrance.
Portico (Latin) – a covered gallery in the architecture of ancient Rome.
Portfnetre (French) – French balcony, false balcony.
Poryadnaya (Russian) – written or oral contract for construction work.
Posom (Karelian) – roof, roof, canopy.
Ceiling (Vost.-slav.) – a kindred floor, the end of the floor.
Rule (Russian) – a wooden or metal lath up to 2 m long to check the face masonry of the wall.
Present costs (in stroitel.) – the sum of one-time costs of construction and operation of a building or structure, taking into account the amortization period.
Binding – bringing the building project into the construction area.
Natural heritage – according to the UNESCO Convention of 1972, natural landscapes, geological and physiographic formations and natural places of interest are classified as natural heritage.
Entrance hall – the first room in a house.
Produkhi (Russian) – holes for ventilation in wall constructions.
Pedestal (fr., it.) – literally, the place of the foot. The foot of a column, sculptural work.
Piazzetta (it.) – a small square in Italian cities.
Heel – support of an arched vault.
Frame – building structure.
Ramp – part of a building; a platform attached to a building, open or with a canopy, at the same level with the floor of the first floor of the premises (±0.000) for the convenience of loading and unloading operations.
Rand girder – main girder.
Raskat (Russian) – an embankment for installing cannons.
Raskrepovka – a small protrusion or fracture of an architectural element.
Raskos – diagonal element of the form.
Raspor – horizontal direction of force formed in the supporting part of arched, vaulted or inclined structures.
Ratusha (Polish or German) – light house.
Reverberation (Latin) – reflection: in acoustics, multiple reflection and gradual attenuation of sound in a room or open space.
Redoubt – A closed field fortification made of earthen ramparts.
Recreation (German) – recreation area.
Relief (Fr. from Latin) – sculptural composition on a plane. Bas-relief – low relief, high relief – high relief.
Renovation is the process of improving a structure. Renovation in construction is the process of replacing worn-out structures, equipment of buildings. Renovation in urban development – forced release of the territory (demolition of buildings and structures, extraction of underground utilities, networks, etc.) to ensure new construction, regardless of the degree of safety of the structures located on it (term N. С. Vedeneyev and T. G. Maklakova, applied to construction reorganization by V. I. Resin in the policy documents of the Moscow City Government).
Retrachement (French) – an internal additional fence in the fortress.
Rigel (German) – lintel between the columns to support the floor structures of the floor.
Risalit (French) – protruding part of the building.
Rose (fr.) – a kind of round window in the central nave of a Gothic building, glazed with stained glass.
Rosette – a decorative architectural ornament clustered in a circle.
Rocaille (French) – decorative architectural ornament in the form of a shell. The element is characteristic of “Rococo”.
Rock pile (German) – a slab or strip resting on a pile foundation.
Rostra (Latin) – the bow of the ship, usually decorated with a volumetric image of a female half-figure.
Rotunda (French) – a circular structure covered with a spherical dome.
Rust – expansion between large stone blocks that make up the masonry wall.
Rust (Latin) – quadratic masonry with the allocation of joints between the rows.
Ryazh (Russian) – support or base of the structure, cut from logs in the form of a tiered cage.
Sazhen (from Slav.) – a measure of length; measured sazhen – 176 cm, oblique sazhen – 248 cm.
Sandrik – architectural decoration in the form of a small cornice or pediment over a window or doorway. In Baroque architecture used sandwiches of various shapes: triangular, ray (in the form of a segment of a circle), in the form of a curved cornice and others.
Prefabricated housing – technology of rapid erection of buildings from enlarged elements.
Pile type of foundations – a method of foundation construction by sinking piles into the ground.
Vault – the construction of overlapping space; a type of vaulted flooring:
cross;
cylindrical;
monastic;
closed;
lancet;
mirrored;
domed;
gothic;
sailing;
Sgraffitto (i.t.) – lit. scratched; a technique of plastering the walls of buildings.
Sectional house – a building consisting of several independent blocks.
Crypt (Polish) – a pedestal, tomb chamber.
Sleznik – a structure that prevents water flowing from the eaves to the wall.
Estimate – calculation of the cost of the object or individual types of work.
Sun protection – structural protection from excessive insolation of building premises.
Solarium (it.) – an open space for sun or air bathing.
Log cabin – a wooden structure made of horizontal logs or planks joined at the corners.
Wall – a solid load-bearing structure made of monolithic concrete or piece materials; a distinction is made between load-bearing and non-bearing walls.
Stodula (rus.) – a shed, shed for carts and cattle.
Stoya, stoa (gr.) – portico, gallery-portico.
Rafter (rus.) – roof, attic.
Rafters – supporting structures for pitched roofs.
Stuchna (common slav.) – road, street, square.
Substruction (Latin) – support structure.
Sukhariki (Russian) – cantilever bars under the eaves outrigger, from ancient architecture.
Tabulatus (Latin) – tile floor.
Tambour (French) – drum.
Tectonics – visual expression of the architectural structure in the relationship of its bearing and non-bearing parts, in the artistic originality of the building or structure.
Thermal insulation – polymeric or natural materials that improve the thermal resistance of building envelopes.
Terrazite plaster – cement-lime plaster with the addition of stone (marble) crumbs, mica, pigments.
Terracotta (Italian, Latin) – fired clay mass without enamel coating.
Terrace (Fr. from Latin) – an open part of a building.
Terrazzio (It.) – mosaic floor made of different-sized fragments of stone, smalt.
Technical and economic indicators – total and useful area, construction volume, building area of the object, etc.
Technical operation – a set of measures for the maintenance of buildings and structures; provided by the project.
Tunnel, tunnel (English). – A transportation structure for passing roads under the ground (in mountainous terrain).
Trade facilities – buildings and structures for wholesale and retail trade.
Trade centers – compact arrangement of trade enterprises of various profiles.
End (it.) – a bar of stone or wood for paving streets.
Concreting – a method of concreting narrow spaces.
Toros – two rows of log cabins with periodic breaks and earth filling – fortifications.
Tuscan order – an order developed by Roman architects on the basis of the Doric order, which was based on a column with cannelures (vertical grooves), there was no base. Tuscan order differed from its prototype smooth-barrel column and the absence of triglyphs – rectangular decorative elements with thin vertical grooves – located on the frieze, the presence of a high base, also had a high capitol.
Travertine (it.) – lime tuff for finishing the walls of the building.
Traktir (borrowed from Polish in the XVIII century) – dining room, restaurant.
Transept – transverse nave (ship) in basilic and cruciform temples, crossing the main (longitudinal) nave at right angles.
Trench (fr.) – a channel in the ground.
Triglyph – an element of the frieze of the Doric order in the form of a rectangular projection with triangular in plan vertical incisions – glyphs.
Triforium (Latin) – triple aperture in the wall, united by one arch.
Trophy (Fr. from Greek) – a monument as a sign of victory.
Tula (Russian) – a hidden, inaccessible place.
Turret – a corner watchtower on the upper part of the fortress wall, allowing observation in the sector of 270°.
Department store – a building intended for trade in a wide range of goods.
Unification of dimensions of parts of building structures – standardization in construction.
Homestead (Russian) – a free-standing residential building surrounded by a park or garden.
Stability of a structure – ability of a structure to resist destructive forces.
Facade (fr. from it.) – lit. – face; one of the exterior walls of a building, as a drawing – an orthogonal projection of the exterior walls of a building.
Fachwerk (German) – lightweight high frame, a type of structural solution of building envelopes.
Faience (Fr. by the name of the It. city of Faenza) – ceramics made of white clay; from F. are made sanitary and technical products.
Farm (fr.) – an engineering structure consisting of rods, serving to cover large spans of buildings and structures; distinguished triangular, polygonal, arched.
Architectural monument fixation – performance of field measurements and photo-fixation of objects referred to architectural monuments.
Fittings (English) – parts for pipe connections on threads.
Fleche (Fr.) – arrow; light field fortification, advanced in front of the front (fortification structure).
Outbuilding (German) – a side extension to a building or a free-standing residential building in the rear part of the yard.
Weathervane (German) – a porch of a building.
Lantern (Greek) – a light aperture in the roof to illuminate the premises.
Fragment (Latin) – fragment, part of a structure.
Framuga (Polish) – aperture, upper opening part of a window.
Frieze (fr. from it.) – the middle horizontal part, bordered between the architrave and cornice ornament.
Pediment (Greek) – a triangular plane of the wall formed by two roof slopes and cornice.
Foundation – underground structural part of the building, resting on a natural or artificial base.
Fust (English) – trunk of the column.
Choir – in architecture, the upper open gallery or balcony inside the church (usually at the level of the second floor).
Cement – artificial material for the preparation of hydraulic binders and concretes.
Tsemianka – lime concrete with the addition of crushed ceramic bricks.
Zigel (German) – ceramic brick.
Cistern (Latin) – an artificial closed structure for storing water or other liquids.
Basement – the lower part of the building from the “zero” mark to the scaffolding.
Basement – the lower half-floor of a building.
Attic (borrowed from Turkic) – balcony, tower, space formed by the slopes of the roof.
Tile – ceramic roofing material.
Drawing – a drawing on paper of parts and fragments of a building with dimensions and other information.
Chetverik (Russian) – a quadrangular wooden log cabin.
Template (German) – a sample for the manufacture of products or to maintain the correct form, drawing of architectural details.
Pitch of bearing structures – distance between bearing walls or rows of bearing columns of the frame.
Chalet (French) – a rural cottage in the Swiss Alps.
Chamotte (German) – finely ground burnt ceramic mass for making refractory and high quality bricks.
Schanz (German) – a small earthen military fortification.
Shatra roofing – Old Slavic method of covering wooden buildings in the form of a tent.
Shed (English) – a type of building covering with sloping light openings.
Shelom (Russian) – a log with a hollowed out longitudinal groove to cover the joints of the joints of the tesan on the ridge of the roof – ohrupen.
Shelyga (Russian) – a line connecting the upper points of the girt arches on which the vault rests.
Schieber (German) – a slide, a flap in the chimney of a stove.
Shibka (German) – a sheet of glass under the size of a window or door frame.
Shilpashastra (Sanskrit) – an ancient Indian treatise on construction.
Slate (German) – thin slabs of natural material – slate.
Sluice (Dutch) – a hydraulic structure for passing ships between the banks of a reservoir.
Shlyakh (Russian) – trakt, road.
Veneer (German) – a chip, a thin sheet of wood.
Veneer (Polish from German) – in wooden building structures, a liner, fixing the elements of structures.
Sprengel (German) – rod structure, additional to the main load-bearing structure.
Shaft (German) – 1) wooden or metal piles with a ridge and a groove, driven into the ground to build a supporting or enclosing wall; 2) a longitudinal ridge on the rib of a board or beam, corresponding to a groove in the next part of the structure.
Stack (German) – a method of stacking long building materials.
Stub (German) – the release of a quarter of a brick from the wall for laying the wall of the next stage of construction.
Strab (German) – a shallow vertical recess in the brickwork of a wall.
Plaster (German from It.) – finishing layer of cement-sand or cement-lime-sand mortars.
Noise protection – measures to protect urban areas from transportation and industrial noise.
Noise-protected residential buildings – houses that have protective structures against external noise: screens, blank walls, windows with rubber gaskets, etc.
Crushed stone (modern) – material in the form of crushed stone for the preparation of concrete, differentiated by fraction and strength.
Shchypets (Russian) – akin to a pediment, the upper triangular part of the wall, not separated by a cornice from the lower part of the wall.
Eclecticism is an artistic trend in architecture, oriented on the use of any forms of the past in any combinations in one building.
Screen (fr.) – in architecture and construction – a protective structure from light, noise, etc.
Exhauster (English, from Latin) – a fan, which removes air from the room.
Explication (Latin) – explanation, list of elements of architectural drawing of buildings, structures, master plan.
Exposition (Latin) – exposition for display.
Exterior (fr. lat.) – external forms, appearance of the building, facades.
Elevator (Latin) – 1) elevator, lifting mechanism; 2) a structure for storing grain.
Boathouse (Dutch) – a land structure for the construction of ships and their launching.
Erker – a projecting part of the facade with windows to improve the illumination and insolation of rooms.
Hermitage (Fr.) – a secluded place, a country house.
Escalator (English, from Latin) – a mechanical inclined staircase for lifting people to the upper floors, lifting equipment of buildings.
Escarpment (fr.) – the inner sloping surface of the outer defensive ditch, in fortifications.
Elevated (fr. from it.) – elevated, on the Qnopax, a structure for pedestrians or urban transport, as well as for the laying of engineering communications.
Esplanade – an open space in the fortress between the citadel and city buildings, about 500 meters wide, necessary for observation and firing. Subsequently, esplanade began to be called an open space in front of a large building, often including parterres, wide alleys with fountains and decorative sculpture.
Estrada (fr., it. from sp.) – an elevation for the placement of the orchestra, stage area.
Floor (fr.) – part of the building on one level.
Mezzanine floor – an additional floor built into the volume of the floor, usually the first.
Attic storey – a storey built into the attic space.
Ground floor – the plan of the first floor, always different from the plans of other floors because of the device of entrance groups.
Basement floor – the floor below the “zero” level.
Technical storey – a storey for engineering equipment of buildings.
Type floor – a repetitive, similar layout of different floors.
Staging (spec.) – an open frame for placing production technology.
Etalon (fr.) – sample, exemplary measure.
Tier (Latin) – a horizontal row.
